With the rapid development of commercial aerospace technology, the demand for communication systems between compartments in commercial spacecraft is increasing day by day. This paper proposes a near-range laser communication system with an integrated design of efficient communication and anti-jitter, which is specifically aimed at the communication between compartments in commercial aerospace. This system faces challenges such as optical element deformation and decreased optical path stability in high-frequency multi-degree-of-freedom and high-frequency vibration conditions. By adopting unique optical path design, large divergence angle, and adaptive algorithms, it effectively suppresses the impact of vibration on the optical system. Experimental results show that when the vibration angle offset is within ±20°, the lateral displacement is less than 200mm, and the longitudinal displacement is less than 10mm, the quality of the light spot and communication performance all meet the design requirements. The research in this paper provides theoretical basis and technical support for the design and implementation of laser communication systems between compartments in commercial aerospace under high-frequency multi-degree-of-freedom coupled vibration environments, and is of great significance for improving the communication reliability of spacecraft in extreme environments.
Design a near-range laser communication system suitable for multi-degree-of-freedom coupled vibration environments, aiming to solve the problem of insufficient stability of traditional mechanical interfaces in extreme environments. This system achieves high reliability communication in complex conditions such as strong vibration through innovative optical design and material selection. Specifically, the laser communication between compartments effectively alleviates the impact of multi-degree-of-freedom coupled vibration on communication quality by increasing the beam divergence angle. Additionally, the system introduces an adaptive optical adjustment mechanism that can real-time compensate for optical path deviations caused by vibration and temperature changes, further enhancing communication stability.
In terms of optical design, this paper optimizes the optical path of the laser communication system based on the Zemax optical simulation software. Through simulation analysis, the optimal beam divergence angle range is determined to be 0.5° to 1.5°, ensuring communication distance while minimizing the impact of coupled vibration on the optical path. The simulation results show that when the beam divergence angle is 2.0°, the system can still meet communication requirements in an extreme environment with a 200mm communication distance, and the light spot diameter is controlled within 2mm, meeting the photodetection requirements of the receiving end. Moreover, the simulation also verifies the variation laws of the optical path stability and receiving power under different deflection angles (0° to 5°) and vertical offsets (0mm to 10mm). The simulation results show that when the angle offset is 2°, the center offset of the light spot is less than 0.5mm, and the receiving power only drops by approximately 1.2dB, indicating that the system has strong anti-offset capability.
Experimental verification shows that in extreme conditions, when the distance between the receiving end and the transmitting end exceeds 200mm, the receiving power can still remain at -8.88dBm. Moreover, when the angle offset reaches 20°, even when the communication distance exceeds 200mm, the receiving power at the receiving end can still maintain -10.61dBm. More importantly, when the communication distance, deflection angle, and vertical offset reach their extreme positions, the receiving power at the receiving end can still remain above -10.84dBm within 5 minutes, and achieve error-free communication, fully meeting the design requirements. This performance is attributed to the comprehensive optimization in optical design, material selection, and thermal control technology of the system.
In conclusion, designing a near-range laser communication system for multi-degree-of-freedom coupled vibration environments not only demonstrates excellent optical performance but also achieves high reliability communication in extreme environments. This design provides important technical support and reference value for laser communication applications in aerospace, deep-sea exploration, and nuclear industries in the future.